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Microsoft Office , or simply Office , is a family of client software , server software , and services developed by Microsoft. Initially a marketing term for an office suite bundled set of productivity applications , the first version of Office contained Microsoft Word , Microsoft Excel , and Microsoft PowerPoint. Over the years, Office applications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a common spell checker, Object Linking and Embedding data integration and Visual Basic for Applications scripting language.
Microsoft also positions Office as a development platform for line-of-business software under the Office Business Applications brand. It contains a word processor Word , a spreadsheet program Excel and a presentation program PowerPoint , an email client Outlook , a database management system Access , and a desktop publishing app Publisher.
Office is produced in several versions targeted towards different end-users and computing environments. The original, and most widely used version, is the desktop version, available for PCs running the Windows and macOS operating systems. Microsoft also maintains mobile apps for Android and iOS.
Office on the web is a version of the software that runs within a web browser. Since Office , Microsoft has promoted Office as the primary means of obtaining Microsoft Office: it allows the use of the software and other services on a subscription business model , and users receive feature updates to the software for the lifetime of the subscription, including new features and cloud computing integration that are not necessarily included in the "on-premises" releases of Office sold under conventional license terms.
In , revenue from Office overtook conventional license sales. Microsoft also rebranded most of their standard Office editions into Microsoft to emphasize their current inclusion of products and services.
Office on the web is a free lightweight web version of Microsoft Office and primarily includes three web applications: Word , Excel and PowerPoint. The offering also includes Outlook. They can also open the older Office file formats doc , xls, ppt , but will be converted to the newer Open XML formats if the user wishes to edit them online. Files with macros can be opened in the browser apps, but the macros cannot be accessed or executed. Office on the web lacks a number of the advanced features present in the full desktop versions of Office, including lacking the programs Access and Publisher entirely.
However, users are able to select the command "Open in Desktop App" that brings up the document in the desktop version of Office on their computer or device to utilize the advanced features there. The Personal edition of Office on the web is available to the general public free of charge with a Microsoft account through the Office.
Enterprise-managed versions are available through Office There are free extensions available to use Office on the web directly in Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.
Most versions of Microsoft Office including Office 97 and later use their own widget set and do not exactly match the native operating system. This is most apparent in Microsoft Office XP and , where the standard menus were replaced with a colored, flat-looking, shadowed menu style.
The user interface of a particular version of Microsoft Office often heavily influences a subsequent version of Microsoft Windows. Users of Microsoft Office may access external data via connection-specifications saved in Office Data Connection. Office, on all platforms, support editing both server files in real time and offline files manually saved in the recent years. The support for editing server files in real time was originally introduced in its current form after the introduction of OneDrive formerly SkyDrive.
But, older versions of Office also have the ability to edit server files notably Office Both Windows and Office used service packs to update software.
Office had non-cumulative service releases , which were discontinued after Office Service Release 1. Now, Windows and Office have shifted to predictable monthly, semi-annual and annual release schemes to update software. Past versions of Office often contained Easter eggs. For example, Excel 97 contained a reasonably functional flight-simulator. Microsoft has granted patent rights to the formats technology under the Open Specification Promise [41] and has made available free downloadable converters for previous versions of Microsoft Office including Office , Office XP, Office [42] and Office for Mac OS X.
Microsoft provides the ability to remove metadata from Office documents. This was in response to highly publicized incidents where sensitive data about a document was leaked via its metadata.
A major feature of the Office suite is the ability for users and third-party companies to write add-ins plug-ins that extend the capabilities of an application by adding custom commands and specialized features.
One of the new features is the Office Store. The app travels with the document, and it is for the developer to decide what the recipient will see when they open it. The recipient will either have the option to download the app from the Office Store for free, start a free trial or be directed to payment. The apps that employees have personally downloaded will appear under My Apps.
Users can use apps to amplify the functionality of a document, email message, meeting request, or appointment. Apps can run in multiple environments and by multiple clients, including rich Office desktop clients, Office Web Apps, mobile browsers, and also on-premises and in the cloud. The password can contain up to characters and uses AES bit advanced encryption by default. Due to lack of document encryption, though, these passwords can be removed using a third-party cracking software.
All versions of Microsoft Office products from Office to Office are eligible for ten years of support following their release, during which Microsoft releases security updates for the product version and provides paid technical support.
The ten-year period is divided into two five-year phases: The mainstream phase and the extended phase. During the mainstream phase, Microsoft may provide limited complimentary technical support and release non-security updates or change the design of the product.
During the extended phase, said services stop. Beginning with Mac Office 4. Difficulties in porting Office may have been a factor in discontinuing Windows NT on non-Intel platforms.
The Microsoft Office applications and suites are sold via retail channels, and volume licensing for larger organizations also including the "Home Use Program".
In , Microsoft introduced a software as a service platform known as Office , to provide cloud -hosted versions of Office's server software, including Exchange e-mail and SharePoint, on a subscription basis competing in particular with Google Apps.
Microsoft has since promoted Office as the primary means of purchasing Microsoft Office. Although there are still "on-premises" releases roughly every three years, Microsoft marketing emphasizes that they do not receive new features or access to new cloud-based services as they are released unlike Office , as well as other benefits for consumer and business markets.
Microsoft Office is available in several editions, which regroup a given number of applications for a specific price.
Primarily, Microsoft sells Office as Microsoft The editions are as follows:. Post-secondary students may obtain the University edition of Microsoft Office subscription. It is limited to one user and two devices, plus the subscription price is valid for four years instead of just one. Apart from this, the University edition is identical in features to the Home Premium version. This marks the first time Microsoft does not offer physical or permanent software at academic pricing, in contrast to the University versions of Office and Office In addition, students eligible for DreamSpark program may receive select standalone Microsoft Office apps free of charge.
Microsoft Office has been criticized in the past for using proprietary file formats rather than open standards , which forces users who share data into adopting the same software platform. Ecma International has published the Office Open XML specification free of copyrights and Microsoft has granted patent rights to the formats technology under the Open Specification Promise [74] and has made available free downloadable converters for previous versions of Microsoft Office including Office , Office XP, Office and Office for the Mac.
Another point of criticism Microsoft Office has faced was the lack of support in its Mac versions for Unicode and Bi-directional text languages, notably Arabic and Hebrew. This issue, which had existed since the first release in , was addressed in the version. In addition, the company does not provide users of its Office software an option to turn off diagnostic and telemetry data sent back to the company.
Researchers found that most of the data that the Microsoft software collects and "sends home" is diagnostics. However, they discovered the software packages collected additional data that contained private user information, some of which was stored on servers located in the US. Covertly, without informing people", researchers of the Privacy Company stated in their blog post. The researchers commented that there is no need for Microsoft to store information such as IPs and email addresses, which are collected automatically by the software.
As a result of this in-depth study and its conclusions, the Netherlands regulatory body concluded that Microsoft has violated GDPR "on many counts" including "lack of transparency and purpose limitation, and the lack of a legal ground for the processing.
The Dutch regulatory body is monitoring the situation and states that "If progress is deemed insufficient or if the improvements offered are unsatisfactory, SLM Microsoft Rijk will reconsider its position and may ask the Data Protection Authority to carry out a prior consultation and to impose enforcement measures. We appreciate the opportunity to discuss our diagnostic data handling practices in Office ProPlus with the Dutch Ministry of Justice and look forward to a successful resolution of any concerns.
Microsoft Office for Windows [] started in October as a bundle of three applications designed for Microsoft Windows 3. Microsoft Office for Windows 1. Version 1. Microsoft Office 3. Microsoft Office 4. Microsoft Office 95 was released on August 24, Software version numbers were altered again to create parity across the suite — every program was called version 7.
Office for Windows 95 was designed as a fully bit version to match Windows 95 although some apps not bundled as part of the suite at that time - Publisher for Windows 95 and Project 95 had some bit components even though their main program executable was bit. Office 95 was available in two versions, Office 95 Standard and Office 95 Professional. The standard version consisted of Word 7. The professional edition contained all of the items in the standard version plus Access 7. The logo used in Office 95 returns in Office 97, and XP.
Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition also uses a similar logo. Microsoft Office 97 Office 8. Office 97 also featured Natural Language Systems and grammar checking.
Office 97 was the first version of Office to include the Office Assistant. In Brazil , it was also the first version to introduce the Registration Wizard, a precursor to Microsoft Product Activation. With this release, the accompanying apps, Project 98 and Publisher 98 also transitioned to fully bit versions. Exchange Server , a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft , is the server for Outlook after discontinuing Exchange Client.
Microsoft Office Office 9. It also introduced a new security feature, built around digital signatures , to diminish the threat of macro viruses. The Microsoft Script Editor , an optional tool that can edit script code, was also introduced in Office Office also introduces PhotoDraw , a raster and vector imaging program, as well as Web Components , Visio , and Vizact. The Registration Wizard, a precursor to Microsoft Product Activation , remained in Brazil and was also extended to Australia and New Zealand, though not for volume-licensed editions.
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Per steps , do the following to the selected columns: a. Set the Top Level to Roof. A bay here is an area enclosed by four grids. This tutorial started with the architectural walls on the correct location, so you will not have to move any walls to account for the newly added structural elements.
Controlling Visibility: In this case, just before placing your first beam, you decide you want to turn off the curtain wall i. These were not turned off by the View Template you had previously applied to this view. Set Filter list to Show all.
For now you will place them directly below the floor. However, later the vertical position of the beam will be adjusted downward when a bar joist is bearing on it more on all this later. The first thing you will do is load a tag which will display the beam size for each member. The tag is added automatically as you model the structural framing members. Zoom in on Grid line D, between Grids 1 and 2. Select W24x55 from the Type Selector; see Figure Make sure Tag on Placement is selected on the Ribbon.
Any sizes needed, but not listed in the Type Selector, must be loaded per the instructions in the previous exercise. It is best to limit the number of steel shapes and sizes to those actually needed in the project. This should help reduce errors when selecting sizes and make finding what you want easier and faster. Notice the Options Bar in the image below; the placement plane is where the top of the beam will be placed.
The default is based on the current view. Because there is not an Offset option on the Options Bar, you will adjust the vertical position of the beam after it is placed. The beam will be created and appear as shown below in Figure Notice a tag was placed above the beam which indicates its size.
Press the Esc key twice or click Modify to deactivate the Beam tool. The floors drawn by the architects, or you in Chapter 6, will be refined in the next chapter. This anticipated thickness will be used to reposition the beam vertically. Currently the top of the beam aligns with the top of the floor.
Additionally, some beams support bar joists, which in turn support the floor. The beams which support bar joists need to be lowered to accommodate the thickness of the bar joist at the bearing location.
The beams which do not support bar joists, perhaps for frame rigidity, shear and edge of slab conditions, need to be directly below the slab. The two typical beam conditions can be seen in the sections shown in Figures Also, a snapshot of the completed structural framing plan shows the direction the joists are spanning Figure Note the direction of the bar joists which support the floor.
Select the Beam and view its properties via the Properties Palette Figure Change… a. Click Apply to commit the change. With the beam still selected, see the image and comment on the next page. When the beam is selected you see the elevation of the beam listed at each end. This text is blue, which means you can select it and edit it without needing to open the properties dialog.
This is particularly handy for sloped beams. However, the Properties Palette may be the better way to go once the bar joists have been placed. When changed via properties, Revit does not make any changes to the model until you click Apply. When you change the on-screen text at one end, it makes the change to that end immediately. Revit may pause as it calculates repositioning all the bar joists along a sloped beam.
Then you wait again when the other end is modified. This is great when the beam does slope! Finally, the triangular grips at each end allow you to manually adjust the one-line beam end location. At each end, the beam stops short of the column or wall to make the drawing more readable.
This conforms to industry standard structural drafting techniques. Next you will place the remaining beams for this elevation on Level 2. Place all the beams shown in Figure All beams shown are at Select the correct beam size via the Type Selector. Load additional beams sizes as needed per steps previously covered. T IP : Place all beams and then select them using the Filter tool and change the vertical positions all at once.
Sometimes things such as notes or dimensions are in the way and the tag is not legible. It is possible to select the tag and move it via the Move tool or by dragging it. The image above has a few such modifications: at both of the stairs and the floor opening in the Northeast corner of the building.
Next, you will add framing for the floor opening. In the next steps you will place a few beams that are supported by other beams. Revit will automatically notify the user of this problem; see image to the right. Place the W24x55 beam approximately as shown in Figure Snap to each of the previously placed beams.
Revit may give you a prompt like the one shown above; simply click OK to ignore the warning. Once lowered, drag the end grip back, and then drag it to the adjacent beam again. This will cause Revit to properly connect to the adjacent beam and clean up the connection graphically.
Remember, you can drag the grips to reposition the temporary dimensions so it goes from the beam to Grid 4. Draw the three remaining beams to support the floor opening: a. Set the elevation i. Set the Structural Usage to Girder. Once the elevation is set properly, drag the beam endpoint to its support so it snaps to it.
The Structural Usage determines the line weight of the line in Coarse mode. This setting also relates to structural analysis via the external programs that can import a Revit Structure model. Notice, in this case, an angle is set to be a girder because it is holding up part of the floor, albeit a small portion with minimal load.
F YI : It is possible to add a permanent dimension from the floor opening to the beam and then load the dimension. This would cause the beam to automatically move with the floor opening. The curved beam is too long, so a column is required at the midpoint. Rather than trying to locate the grids and column first, you will place the beam first. Then you can place the column centered on the beam, and place the grids based on the column location. Finally, you will split the beam at the new column location.
This shows that things can typically be modeled in any order. There is not always one correct way to complete tasks. Place the curved beam; see Figure Select the Beam tool. Set the size to W30x Pick the points in the order shown. Lower the beam to Place a column at mid-span of the curved beam; use the midpoint snap.
Select the column and then use the Rotate tool to rotate the column 45 degrees. Add two Grids: a. Snap to the center of the column for the first point. Draw the grids as shown; adjust the endpoints.
Change the grid number or letter as shown. Split the Beam: a. Click at the center of the column. Delete the beam tag for the curved beam: a. Select it and press the Delete key.
This tag will be added later. The structural template has a few floor systems ready to go, and you already imported them into your project. In order for you to better understand how the floors work in Revit, you will modify the architectural floor previously created to have the proper structural representation.
If you recall, a temporary placeholder was added to the floor to represent the anticipated bar joist depth. This placeholder will be removed as the actual bar joists are about to be drawn. Open the law office model, if not already open. Switch to Level 2 — Structural Framing Plan, if needed. Select the floor element; use the Filter tool if needed. Select Edit, next to the Structure parameter. Change the Function of Row 3 to Structural Deck [1]. Once the previous step has been done, you now have access to the Structural Deck Properties.
Do the following: i. It is important to show this profile in sections and details so the contractor knows which way the decking should be installed. The metal decking is only strong in one direction: that is the direction in which the flutes run. In the other direction the metal deck can actually bend to conform to a curved beam or roof.
As you will see in a moment, Revit has a way in which you can specify the direction the decking runs. In addition to selecting a deck profile, you also have a Deck Usage option in the lower right. Only one exists in this example; it is concrete. Select OK twice to close the open dialog boxes. The floor placed by the architects in Revit Architecture is an Architectural Floor.
You will need to change it to a Structural Floor before it can be tagged. This is done by simply checking a box in the Instance Properties dialog box for the floor. Select the Level 2 floor. View its Instance Properties via the Properties Palette. Check the box next to the Structural parameter Figure Click Apply. You have to select the edge of the structural floor before Revit can place the symbol. Click the edge of the Level 2 floor. Click anywhere within the middle of the floor Figure Click Modify to finish the Span Direction tool.
The filled arrowheads indicate the direction the flutes run, and thus the span direction of the deck. In this example, the filled arrows should be on the left and the right. If not, you simply select the symbol and use the Rotate command.
Also, when the symbol is selected, it can be moved so it does not obscure any text, tags or dimensions. Click the Span Direction icon and then click a sketch line. The image above shows a clear example of the effect the Span Direction symbol has on the structural floor. Ensure that the filled arrows are on the left and right, as in the example on the right in Figure If not, select the symbol and use the Rotate tool to rotate it 90 degrees.
There is one more thing that has to be addressed before we can consider the Level 2 floor complete. Looking back at Figure This dictated the direction the metal deck should span, perpendicular to the joists. However, in the Southeastern corner of the building at the main entry, the joists turn 90 degrees to span the shorter direction and thus reduce the depth of the joist and amount of steel required. In this case, you need to break the floor element into two pieces so you can control the span direction independently for both areas.
Select the Level 2 floor element. With the floor selected, click Edit Boundary on the Ribbon. Modify the floor boundary so it stops at Grid B, as shown in Figure Use Trim and Delete to edit the boundary. T IP : Copy the linework for the portion of floor to be removed. This can then be pasted into the sketch of the new floor to be created in the next steps. The area between Grids A and B does not have a floor currently. You will create a new floor element for this area and adjust the Span Direction symbol appropriately.
Once you have an enclosed boundary with no gaps or overlaps, click Finish Edit Mode on the Ribbon. Click No to any prompts.
Notice, when the structural floor is placed, a Span Direction symbol is automatically added Figure If the filled arrows do not point North-South, opposite of the main floor, select it and Rotate it 90 degrees in either direction.
This wraps up the floor editing process. The roof is a similar process and the slab-ongrade, Level 1, is acceptable as-is. This is relatively easy as Revit provides a tool called Beam Systems that will fill an entire structural bay with bar joists, following predefined rules for spacing. The Ribbon now displays the Place Beam System contextual tab and the Options Bar has several options to control what is modeled, joist size and spacing.
N OTE : Revit thinks of any horizontal support member as a beam; its Structural Usage parameter defines how it is used and Joist is one of those options. You will be placing bar joists in the building to hold up the floor, but the Beam System tool will work equally well with I-joists, wide flange beams, dimensional lumber, or anything defined within the Structural Framing category. Adjust the Options Bar to match Figure Beam Type drop-down : 16k5 b. Justification drop-down : Center c.
Layout Rule: Fixed Distance d. Walls Define Slope: Checked g. Tag style drop-down : System h. Only families, specifically structural framing category families, loaded into the project will appear in the Beam Type list. If the structural member needed was not listed, you would have to click Modify to cancel the command and load the family. Next you will adjust the elevation of the top of the joist; the reasoning for the number you enter will be provided momentarily. The beam you select needs to be parallel to the span of the joists as you will learn in the next step.
Click the beam along Grid 1 as shown in Figure Dashed lines indicate the location and direction of each joist to be created if the beam the cursor is hovering over is selected. Notice the single-line representation provided for each joist with the ends stopping short of their supports to make things graphically clear; this is due to the Detail Level being set to Coarse.
Also, a tag is provided indicating the joist size and spacing. You will learn how to create sections in a later chapter. Although you will not do that in this tutorial, here is how it is done. Each joist in the Beam System can be selected; it does not work if the entire Beam System itself is selected. Then you can view its Instance Properties via the Properties Palette.
You would have to select each joist to make this change. Having a start and end parameter allows you to individually control each end of the joist. Save first, and then place the remaining Beam Systems for the information shown in Figure The bay with the curved beam will take a few minutes for the Beam System to be created as each joist is a different size. Also, for the curved area, click Delete Type to continue when prompted Figure You cannot use the one-click method here, as Revit will fill in the area from Grid 3 all the way past the floor opening to Grid 4.
In this case, Revit provides a way in which you can sketch the perimeter of the Beam System. Select the Beam System tool. Click the Sketch Beam System button from the Ribbon. Rather than sketching new lines from scratch, you will use the Pick Supports options which will force you to pick the beams that will define the perimeter of the Beam System.
Pick a vertical beam first see highlighted beam in Figure The beam span is defined by picking a beam parallel to the desired joist span. Pick the other three beams to define the bay Figure Use Trim to clean up the four corners. Verify the following settings via the Properties Palette: a.
Layout rule: Fixed Distance e. Click Apply if any changes have been made to the Properties Palette. Click Finish Edit Mode green check mark to have Revit place the joists. You now only have two small areas to the East in which to place joists and Level 2 is then complete. It only tags the individual beams, joists. This makes the plan cluttered, so we will delete them. In the next section you will learn how to manually add beam and beam system tags when needed.
Select each joist tag and delete it by pressing the Delete key; do not delete the beam tags from the previous exercise. Select each tag one at a time and delete it, or select them all first, using the Ctrl key, and then delete them all at once. A tag can be deleted at any time without worries. A tag only reports information contained within the element it is tagging; it contains no information itself.
The point is, deleting a tag will not cause any information to be eradicated from the BIM. As you will see in the next exercise, tags can be added manually at any time.
You will need to load a new, smaller, bar joist size. If you tried to place one of the larger joists in this area you would get an error because the snap is too short and the joist too deep; Revit cannot build a valid joist given such conditions. Given the short span, the smaller joists are more appropriate. Using techniques previously discussed, i. The joists are often smaller and spaced further apart on the roof.
This is because the roof can bounce more compared to a floor where people would feel uncomfortable and materials such as ceramic floor tile would crack. Sometimes snow loads, a dead load, would require similarly sized and spaced structural members. N OTE : The remaining structure is provided in the chapter starter file for the next chapter. You use alignment and dimension tools to more precisely position the windows.
Part 8: Place a Curtain Wall In this exercise, you place a curtain wall at the store entry. Part 9: Create Stairs and Railings In this exercise, you complete the interior of the model by adding a staircase to the mezzanine on the lower level, then modifying the railing on the mezzanine. Part Create Views In this exercise, you create a section view, a callout view of the exterior wall, and a detail callout of the parapet.
Part Add Dimensions In this exercise, you add dimensions to the building model to dimension the footprint of the main building. Part Add Notes In this exercise, you add annotations to a plan view of the building model.
Part Create Sheets In this exercise, you create a sheet and add multiple views to the sheet. Tutorial Videos. You may wish to Copy them, Rotate them, Split them, etc. All the Editing tools you need are contained in this Menu. If I click on the Architecture menu….. I have split the Architectural ribbon into 2 separate images for ease of viewing- you will see this as one continuous horizontal ribbon in your installation of Revit.
I have highlighted the individual Panels with a red border, so you can identify them easily. Just take minute to click on each of the Menu tabs so that you can see the variety of Panels that Revit contains. Note that some of the Panel names have a small black triangle next to them see the purple arrow above - if you click on the triangle, you get access to additional settings for that particular panel.
Tools Each individual Panel contains a number of tools that we use to create and edit the elements within our Project. Note how some tools also have a small black triangle situated beneath their names. If you click on the triangles, a drop-down of related tools will appear. If you hover your cursor over a tool icon for a few seconds….. Revit makes extensive use of Keyboard Shortcuts. Most tools have Keyboard Shortcuts and you can see the shortcut letters displayed in brackets after the tool name.
So in the above example, we can see the letters WA in brackets after the tool name Wall. Here it is again for reference…… Clicking on the small black triangle at the far right of the Quick Access toolbar allows us to customise its contents and also choose whether we want the QA toolbar above or below the ribbon…..
A small button at the far right end of all the menu tabs….. Double-clicking anywhere on the grey bar but NOT on a menu tab has the same e ect and will cycle through these options with each double-click.
While you are still familiarising yourself with Revit, I would strongly suggest you leave the visibility of the ribbon set to full- so you can easily identify the Panels and Tools. Cancelling a command or tool Once you have selected a tool, you may wish to change your mind and cancel its operation. There are two main ways of cancelling the use of any tool in Revit. You can either press the Escape key on your keyboard or alternatively you can click on the Modify button which is always on the far left hand side of the ribbon…..
Many beginners get caught out by this button. It literally cancels out of the current command and puts Revit back into the default state- ready for the next command. Con guring the Menu Tabs according to Discipline In the previous Unit we said that the menu could be customised to just show the tabs that you are interested in. To conclude this Unit, I am going to show you how to do that.
When you click on this, the drop-down menu will appear. You then need to click on the Options button near the base of the panel….. Once you have selected User Interface you will presented will a tick list of all the possible Menu tabs.
All you need to do is place a tick against the ones you would like displayed on the main menu. Click here to watch the YouTube Video Tutorial Introduction In the opening Module of this course we talked a little about how Revit uses parameters for everything it creates. In this Unit we going to revisit that topic and look at parameters in more detail. Everything is driven by parameters One model, one database Change it once and it changes everywhere! You decide where to change it Everything is driven by parameters All elements within Revit are controlled using parameters and associated values.
If we select the doors selected elements are always highlighted in blue by default we can see its parameters and associated values displayed in the properties palette see below. Four example we have a parameter called Frame Material and its associated value is Metal.
We can click on the values the ones within the green box and change them directly within the Properties Palette. In addition to those listed by default, we can create custom parameters to our elements, to store a variety of di erent information.
For example in the image above, I have selected a section of external wall. I can see all the properties of that section of wall in the properties palette number 4 in the above image.
This goes a long way to keeping our model coordinated and accurate. Our plans will always match our elevations and sections, etc. The properties for the window are displayed in the Properties Palette. If I wish to change the window type, I can either pick a di erent type from the drop-down selector in the properties palette see number 1 in the above image or I can pick a di erent type from the cell in the window schedule.
All elements in Revit are controlled by parameters which have a name and an associated value. No matter where you make your changes to an element or asset, that change will permeate back to the database and update all other associated views that show the relevant element.
As the views of your model are generated from a single database, coordination issues in Revit are almost non-existent. Normally when you are modelling a Roof in Revit, you will have a Level setup to control its height- this may by a Level that is also controlling the top of your external walls. Make sure the Floor Plan View you choose to work in is associated with the Level at which you want to create your Roof at.
In other words. Revit has worked out that I may not want to create a Roof down at the Ground Floor….. Also notice the Options Bar- see the image below. So now we are ready to start sketching the boundary of our at roof. The Boundary Lines are the pink ones in the image below….. If we switch to a 3D View we can clearly see our new Roof….
What about pitched or sloped Roofs? Easy, we just use the same tool, in the same way- with one important di erence. This is because I want the edge of our pitched roof to overhang the external walls by mm….. So again, we go around the external walls of our building, clicking on each wall element. Notice how Revit add the Boundary Lines with an O set of mm away from the walls 2.
You can see in the image below the completed Roof. If we switch to a 3D View we can better see the nal geometry of our new pitched roof….. First of all select the Roof we have just created. Consequently you now have access to the Boundary Lines. Go ahead and select one of the Boundary Lines segments that corresponds with where you would like to create your Gable End…..
IN the image below you can see that the roof now has a Gable End. We can also see that there is triangular gap left in the gable wall…….
Please refer to the image below when reading these instructions. In the image below you can see I have created a Section Line through the building…..
Once again select the Wall rst 1. Revit then makes the wall meet the underside of the roof correctly…. This tool allows us to sketch a 2D pro le in an Elevation or Section View and then create a horizontally-extruded view from it. The rst step in this process is to choose a plane on which we are going to sketch the 2D pro le of our Roof.
This will then get Revit to detect the various planes it nds as you move you cursor around in the active view….. So in a 3D View I can hover my cursor above the model and Revit highlights the various planes that it nds. I am going to use the end of the building as the plane on which I will sketch the 2D Roof Pro le.
As soon as you do this Revit then brings up another panel…. This panel is allows you to choose the Level that you want you Roof referenced to. It also allows you to apply any o set to the height of the Level. So referring to the above image: Choose a tool from the draw palette 1 and then sketch the Roof Pro le in the active view 2. You do NOT create a closed loop. You do NOT sketch around what will be the perimeter of your roof in section. When you are happy with your Pro le sketch, go ahead and hit the Green Cross.
This will instruct Revit to proceed and create the 3D geometry for your roof form….. You can change the Roof Type at any point- but the upper surface of your Roof Type will always be coincident with the Sketch Pro le. In the above image we can see our Roof Form in 3D. So far, so good.
Exploring Autodesk Revit for Structure [15 ed.] -
Commercial Design Using Autodesk Revit [ ed. The intent is to 49MB Read more. Introducing Autodesk Revit Architecture , , , , Revit all-stars present a fast, focused introduction to Revit functions, tools, and concepts Hailed for its ease of use, 92 20MB Read more.
Autodesk Smoke Essentials: Autodesk Official Press , Autodesk Smoke for Mac combines familiar tools for non-linear video editing with powerful features for digital compositi 36 25MB Read more. These videos describe how Revit works and where the indicated tools and interface elements are located. A video is available for each tutorial. It is helpful to watch the video before performing the steps to get an overview of the workflow and procedures presented in the tutorial.
Tutorial Files Download this zip file and extract its contents for the complete set of files needed to complete the tutorial series. Prerequisites Even if you are familiar with 3D modeling or other Autodesk software, watch the Essential Skills videos that are provided with Revit. Tutorial Videos A video is available for each tutorial. You now have a new Revit project which is temporarily named Project 1. This will be the project from which you import various Structural Settings and Families into your law office project.
Take a moment to notice the template is rather lean; it has no sheets and only a handful of views set up. A structural engineering department would take the time to set up Structural System an office standard template with sheets, families and views all ready to go for their most typical project to save time in the initial setup process.
Open your law office Revit project file and open the Level 1 Floor Plan view. You may wish to start this lesson from the data file provided online at SDCpublications. Make sure you select the file from the correct folder. See the inside front cover for more information. Now that you have both files open, you will use the Transfer Project Standards tool to import several important things into the law office project file.
With the law office project file current i. Make sure Copy from is set to Project 1, the file you just created. Important step: Click the Check None button to clear all the checked boxes. Check only the boxes for the items listed below Figure Click OK to import the selected items.
For the law office, you will use Overwrite to make sure you get all the structural settings and parameters needed. It is letting you know that some types have been renamed rather than overwritten to avoid conflicts Figure A few items do not come across e.
However, that will not be a problem for this tutorial. At this time you can close the temporary Project1 file without saving. In the New Plan dialog box Figure Uncheck the Do not duplicate existing views option. Select: Level 1 Click OK. At this point you have a new View created in the Project Browser. This view is in a new section, under Views all , called Structural Plans Figure Each view has separate notes and dimensions which is beneficial, because the structural drawings do not need to show a dimension from a wall to the edge of a countertop or sink.
Select Rename from the pop-up menu. F YI : This is the name that will appear below the drawing when it is placed on a sheet. It is best to rename views and levels manually; you do not typically want levels renamed to match the view name. All other disciplines see the same name; it should remain Level 1. You can also use this to update several views at once. First, you will change the current settings and then see how the view will be updated by applying a View Template. Set the Discipline to Architectural as shown in Figure These control the location of the horizontal slice through the building.
The View Range dialog has a significant role in what shows up in a plan view and what does not. Click Cancel to close the View Range dialog without saving. On the Model Categories tab, check all the disciplines in the Filter list drop-down Figure The main thing to understand here is that the visibility of the items in these various categories can be controlled here for the current view, and only the current view.
Unchecking Casework hides all the items that exist within that category, such as base and wall cabinets and custom casework such as reception desks, assuming they have been created with the correct Category setting. The View Template you are about to apply to this view will uncheck many of these Categories. Now you will apply the View Template and then review what it changes. Click Apply Template Properties from the pop-up menu.
On the left, select Structural Foundation Plan. You are now in the Apply View Template dialog Figure Take a moment to observe all the settings it has stored and are about to be applied to the selected view, the one you rightclicked on. Uncheck View Scale Figure Type VV and turn off the Doors category. The model visibility has now changed to mainly show the floor slab and stairs. All the walls, doors, etc.
It is expected that you will refer back to the previous steps if you need a review on the process. Create the following Structural Plans: a.
Level 2 i. Name: ii. Scale: iii. Roof i. This section will just show you how to load a few elements. As you work through the rest of this chapter, you will have to load additional content; reference this information if needed. This content should have been installed with the Revit Structure application. If not, it can be downloaded from Autodesk. Double-click on the Structural folders to explore them and then go back to the US Imperial folder.
First, you will load a steel column. Double-click the Structural Columns folder to open it. Notice the Structural Columns folder is also broken down further into types of material; see list to right. Double-click the Steel folder to open it. Even though there are only eleven Families listed here, they represent hundreds of column sizes. Each column has several Types defined for the various standard sizes available in the USA. F YI : A Type is a group of parameters with specific values entered for a parametric family.
See Chapter 18 for more on Families and Types. Most Families load all the Types associated with them. For example, a table might have three sizes, each defined as a type. When the table is loaded into a project, all three types are loaded and are available for use by the designer.
With steel shapes, however, there are way too many Types to have them all loaded into the project. If they were, the file would be bogged down with excess data and it would make finding the sizes you need more difficult. Revit uses Type Catalogs to deal with Families that have a large set of Types. A Type Catalog is simply a list that is provided just after loading the family, from which you can choose one or more Types to be loaded from the family. Additional Types can be added later.
Click OK to load it. You will use the same technique to load two beams and two bar joists. Use the techniques just described to load the following content: a. Click Overwrite the existing version. Save your law office project. First, you will start with the grid layout; structural engineers do this with several rules-of-thumb in mind and experience. Once the grid is laid out with total spans and maximum depths of structural elements in mind, the columns can be placed.
Finally, in this exercise, you will place the beams which span between the columns. This is handy when the structural designer or technician wants to visualize and validate the structural model without the other building elements obscuring the view. Location of Grids, Columns and Beams in Exterior Walls: Placing a grid is simple and has been covered in one of the introductory chapters see Exercise 2, Lesson You will not align and lock these grids to the exterior wall as was done in that chapter because the grid line does not fall directly on any of the lines within the wall.
The image below shows the typical location of the grid line relative to the exterior wall. See the next page for a few comments regarding the image below. You have not drawn this yet; however, the column will be bearing on the foundation wall or a concrete pier, not the concrete slab on grade. This provides a thermal break which keeps the steel column from getting cold, or warm, depending on the climate, and causing condensation to occur. Adding gypsum board and metal furring costs more, as well as the floor and ceiling needing to be notched around these bumps in the walls.
Notice in Figure Use caution when dimensioning to this wall, ensuring you do not pick this line rather than the main exterior face. This element within the wall is called a Sweep. Unfortunately they cannot be hidden from the floor plan view, so you have to work around them.
Looking at Figure Therefore the columns are also positioned to maintain the sheathing as it passes by the studs on the exterior side of the studs. As you can see, the beam just fits behind the sheathing. If the column were any closer to the exterior, the beams would poke out into the cold, or warm, air space. F YI : In this tutorial you are using a prebuilt wall i. However, it would be a good idea to provide rigid insulation on the exterior side of the studs for a more uniform insulation barrier at the floor edges and structural locations.
Pre-cast sill identified in Figure Open your law office model. Switch to the Architectural Level 1 floor plan view. Use the Grid tool. See page , if needed, for more information. The Grid tool is identical in functionality across the Revit platform. Layout the grid as shown in Figure T IP : Draw a grid using the Align tool to position it along the exterior face of the exterior wall. Do not lock the alignment. Do not add the dimensions at this time.
When locked, they will all move together when just one grid bubble or end point is moved. Use this as an opportunity to double-check the overall dimensions of your building. Additionally, Figure Grids are usually laid out with numbers across the top and letters along one side.
A few goals a structural engineer strives for are simplicity, repetition and consistency. If the spans are the same and the loads are the same, the structural members can usually be the same, thus making it more straightforward to design and build.
This is not necessarily a bad thing, as steel can come in pretty much any length one needs. Also, on the second floor there is a law library which significantly increases the loads in that area, thus requiring deeper beams and joists.
F YI : In the image below Figure First off, this is an abbreviation which should only be used if it has been defined in an abbreviation list somewhere in the set of documents. When the box is checked, a grid bubble shows up at that end. It is possible to have a grid bubble at both ends of the grid line; it is also possible to have the bubble turned off at each end.
The padlock shows that you properly aligned this end of the grid with the adjacent grids while sketching it, per the previous steps. Thus, when one grid end is repositioned, they will all move together.
If one needed to move it apart from the others, you simply click on the Padlock to unlock it. The 3D symbol means, if you reposition the grid, the 3D plane this grid represents will move and possibly affect other views. If you click the 3D symbol, it becomes a 2D symbol and only the current view is adjusted. This only relates to changing the overall length of the grid in a view s.
If the grid is ever moved in the other direction , the grid will always instantly update in all views; it is not possible for the same grid to be in two contradicting locations. The small circle grip at the end of the grid line is what you click and drag on to reposition the end of the grid, the length.
This can be hard to select if you are not zoomed in far enough. This is helpful when two grids are close to each other and would otherwise overlap. This option is often accidentally selected when trying to reposition the grid when zoomed out too far. If this happens, click Undo, zoom in and try again. This will be covered more later, but for now you will simply explore the results. Switch to the Level 2 Architectural Floor Plan view.
Notice the grids appear Figure Later, when you study elevations and sections, you will see grids automatically show up in those views as well.
When modeling in Revit, you often need to model things the way they would be built. So, if the column size changed, you would need to stop and start a new column where the size change occurred. Say, for example, a tall building Design Integration Using Autodesk Revit might have smaller and smaller columns the closer you get to the top because the load is getting lighter. Another consideration is column heights; they can only be so long before they do not fit on a truck; column splits are usually a few feet above the floor level.
Switch to the Level 2 — Structural Framing Plan. Zoom in to the intersection of Grids 2 and C. This is the Structural Column tool rather than Architectural Column. Click, using Snaps, at the intersection of Grids 2 and C. You have now added a structural column to the model! This column will show up in all views of the project. Next you will look at a few properties related to the column you just placed, before placing the remaining columns.
This is why you were instructed to switch to Level2, rather than Level 1. Notice, back in Figure Select the new column in the Level 2 Structural Plan view. Note the information listed in the Properties Palette. Notice, in Figure Also, Revit is keeping track of the grid lines when the column falls directly on them. Next you will change the Top Level to Roof so the column fully extends from Level 1 up to the Roof level.
You may wish to Copy them, Rotate them, Split them, etc. All the Editing tools you need are contained in this Menu. If I click on the Architecture menu….. I have split the Architectural ribbon into 2 separate images for ease of viewing- you will see this as one continuous horizontal ribbon in your installation of Revit.
I have highlighted the individual Panels with a red border, so you can identify them easily. Just take minute to click on each of the Menu tabs so that you can see the variety of Panels that Revit contains. Note that some of the Panel names have a small black triangle next to them see the purple arrow above - if you click on the triangle, you get access to additional settings for that particular panel. Tools Each individual Panel contains a number of tools that we use to create and edit the elements within our Project.
Note how some tools also have a small black triangle situated beneath their names. If you click on the triangles, a drop-down of related tools will appear. If you hover your cursor over a tool icon for a few seconds…..
Revit makes extensive use of Keyboard Shortcuts. Most tools have Keyboard Shortcuts and you can see the shortcut letters displayed in brackets after the tool name. So in the above example, we can see the letters WA in brackets after the tool name Wall. Here it is again for reference…… Clicking on the small black triangle at the far right of the Quick Access toolbar allows us to customise its contents and also choose whether we want the QA toolbar above or below the ribbon…..
A small button at the far right end of all the menu tabs….. Double-clicking anywhere on the grey bar but NOT on a menu tab has the same e ect and will cycle through these options with each double-click. While you are still familiarising yourself with Revit, I would strongly suggest you leave the visibility of the ribbon set to full- so you can easily identify the Panels and Tools.
Cancelling a command or tool Once you have selected a tool, you may wish to change your mind and cancel its operation. There are two main ways of cancelling the use of any tool in Revit.
You can either press the Escape key on your keyboard or alternatively you can click on the Modify button which is always on the far left hand side of the ribbon….. Many beginners get caught out by this button. It literally cancels out of the current command and puts Revit back into the default state- ready for the next command. Con guring the Menu Tabs according to Discipline In the previous Unit we said that the menu could be customised to just show the tabs that you are interested in.
To conclude this Unit, I am going to show you how to do that. When you click on this, the drop-down menu will appear. You then need to click on the Options button near the base of the panel…..
Once you have selected User Interface you will presented will a tick list of all the possible Menu tabs. All you need to do is place a tick against the ones you would like displayed on the main menu. Click here to watch the YouTube Video Tutorial Introduction In the opening Module of this course we talked a little about how Revit uses parameters for everything it creates. In this Unit we going to revisit that topic and look at parameters in more detail.
Everything is driven by parameters One model, one database Change it once and it changes everywhere! You decide where to change it Everything is driven by parameters All elements within Revit are controlled using parameters and associated values. If we select the doors selected elements are always highlighted in blue by default we can see its parameters and associated values displayed in the properties palette see below.
Four example we have a parameter called Frame Material and its associated value is Metal. We can click on the values the ones within the green box and change them directly within the Properties Palette. In addition to those listed by default, we can create custom parameters to our elements, to store a variety of di erent information. For example in the image above, I have selected a section of external wall. I can see all the properties of that section of wall in the properties palette number 4 in the above image.
This goes a long way to keeping our model coordinated and accurate. Our plans will always match our elevations and sections, etc. The properties for the window are displayed in the Properties Palette. If I wish to change the window type, I can either pick a di erent type from the drop-down selector in the properties palette see number 1 in the above image or I can pick a di erent type from the cell in the window schedule.
All elements in Revit are controlled by parameters which have a name and an associated value. No matter where you make your changes to an element or asset, that change will permeate back to the database and update all other associated views that show the relevant element. As the views of your model are generated from a single database, coordination issues in Revit are almost non-existent. Normally when you are modelling a Roof in Revit, you will have a Level setup to control its height- this may by a Level that is also controlling the top of your external walls.
Make sure the Floor Plan View you choose to work in is associated with the Level at which you want to create your Roof at. In other words. Revit has worked out that I may not want to create a Roof down at the Ground Floor….. Also notice the Options Bar- see the image below. So now we are ready to start sketching the boundary of our at roof. The Boundary Lines are the pink ones in the image below…..
If we switch to a 3D View we can clearly see our new Roof…. What about pitched or sloped Roofs? Easy, we just use the same tool, in the same way- with one important di erence. This is because I want the edge of our pitched roof to overhang the external walls by mm….. So again, we go around the external walls of our building, clicking on each wall element. Notice how Revit add the Boundary Lines with an O set of mm away from the walls 2.
You can see in the image below the completed Roof. If we switch to a 3D View we can better see the nal geometry of our new pitched roof….. First of all select the Roof we have just created.
Consequently you now have access to the Boundary Lines. Go ahead and select one of the Boundary Lines segments that corresponds with where you would like to create your Gable End…..
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